a = unison | d = minor third | f = perfect fourth | h = perfect fifth |
c = major second | e = major third | g = diminished 5th | n = octave |
For a more complete explanation about using a tuning key, click here.
Using the order given in the Manchester table as a point of reference, tunings are given below with absolute pitches:
Manchester numbers, extended | Unison/Interval Code | Concert Pitches on bass viol, top str.= d | Popular name of tuning &/or page #'s, etc. |
I | ffeff | d' a e c G D | Lute |
II | ffefh | d' a e c G C | Lute w/lowered 6th str. |
III | fefhf | d' a f c F C | Leero |
IV | ffhfh | d' a e A E A1 | 5te's |
V | efhfh | d' bb f Bb F Bb1 | Alffonso-waye |
VI | fhfhf | d' a d A D A | 8te's |
VII | nhXXX | d' g G X X X | Lancashire Pipes |
VIII | hXnhX | d' g X d G X | Bagpipes |
IX | fffXX | d' a e X X X | Horne pipe |
X | efdef | d' bb f d Bb F | French Sette |
XI | defhf | d' b g d G D | Harpe sette sharpe |
XII | edfhf | d' bb g d G D | Harpe sette flat |
XIII | fdefh | d' g e c G C | High Harp Flat |
XIV | fedfh | d' g eb c G C | High Harp Sharp |
XV | edefh | d' bb g eb Bb Eb | (pp. 168-169) |
XVI | edeff | d' bb g eb Bb F | (p.174) |
XVII | ededf | d' bb g db Bb F | (Mansell p. 53) |
XVIII | fdedf | d' a f# d B F# | (pp. 186-188) |
XIX | dfedf | d' b f# d B F# | (pp. 192-193) |
XX | edfed | d b g# D# B G# | c a f# C# A F# (alt.) |
XXI | efffe | d' bb f c G Eb | Drew's Tuning |
XXII | ffcdh | d' a e c# B E | (pp. 212-214) |
XXIII MOSS A | ffedf | d a e C A E | pp.18-34, 70-86 |
XXIV MOSS B | ffede | d a e C A F | pp.42-46, 91(?)-98 |
XXV MOSS C | ffefc | d a e C G A | pp.46-50, 102-105 |
XXVI MOSS D | ffeec | d a e C Ab Gb | pp.50-54, 102-105 |
XXVII | fedef | d' a f d Bb F | Paris Ms. 1111 (p.105) |
XXVIII (Bodleian #465 - part. 1 of trio p.61) | fefhh | d' a f c F Bb | Leero w/lowered 6th str. |
XXIX | ffefff | d a e C G D A | Le Sieur du Machy |
The following list of 58 known tunings given
below utilizes a different orderering, the highly practical
alphabetical system as employed in Frank Traficante's ground-breaking article:
"Lyra Viol Tunings: 'All Ways Have Been Tryed to do It.'" Acta Musicologica 42 (1970)
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COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF LYRA VIOL TUNINGS
Arranged in Consecutive Alphabetical Order
1. Leycester/Jenkins p.41
d e d e h
B G# E C# A D
-3 -1 0 +1 +2 0
2. No Name
d e d f h
B G# E C# G# C#
-3 -1 0 +1 +1 -1
3. No Name
d e f d e
B G# E B G# E
-3 -1 0 -1 +1 +2
4. XII Harpway Sharp
d e f h f
C A F C F C
-2 0 +1 0 -2 -2
5. (XII Harp Sharp w/lwrd 6th str.}
d e f h h
C# A# F# C# F# B
-1 +1 +2 +1 -1 -3
6. No Name
d e h f f
C# A# F# B F# C#
-1 +1 +2 -1 -1 -1
7. No Name
d e h f h
C# A# F# B F# B
-1 +1 +2 -1 -1 -3
8. XIX
d f e d f
C A E C A E
-2 0 0 0 +2 +2
9. (XIX w/lowered 6th str.)
d f e d h
C A E C A D
-2 0 0 0 +2 0
10. No Name
d f e f h
C A E C G C
-2 0 0 0 0 -2
11. XVII
e d e d f
B G E C A E
-3 -2 0 0 +2 +2
12. {XVII w/lowered 6th str.)
e d e d h
B G E C A D
-3 -2 0 0 +2 0
13. XVI
e d e f f
C Ab F Db Ab Eb
-2 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1
14. XV (XVI w/lowered 6th str.)
edefh
e d e f h
C Ab F Db Ab Db
-2 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1
15. XX
e d f e d
B G E B G E
-3 -2 0 -1 0 +2
16. XI Harpway Flat
e d f h f
C# A F# C# F# C#
-1 0 +2 +1 -1 -1
17. (Harp Flat w/lowered 6th str.}
e d f h h
C# A F# C# F# B
-1 0 +2 +1 -1 -3
18. No Name
e d h f h
D Bb G C G C
O +1 +3 0 0 -2
19. X French Sette
e f d e f
C Ab Eb C Ab Eb
-2 -1 -1 0 +1 +1
20. (X Fr. Sette w/lowered 6th str.)
e f d e h
C Ab Eb C Ab Db
-2 -1 -1 0 +1 -1
21. No Name
e f d h f
D Bb F D G D
0 +1 +1 +2 0 0
22. XXI Drew’s Tuning
e f f f e
C Ab Eb C G Eb
-2 -1 -1 0 0 +1
23. No Name
e f f f f
C Ab Eb C G D
-2 -1 -1 0 0 0
24. (XXI Drew’s w/lowered 6th str.)
e f f f h
C# A E B F# B
-1 0 0 -1 -1 -2
25. No Name
e f f h f
D Bb F C F Db
0 +1 +1 0 -2 -1
26. V
e f h f h
D# B F# B F# B
+1 +2 +2 -1 -1 -3
27. XVIII
f d e d f
C G E C A E
-2 -2 0 0 +2 +2
28. XIII High Harpway Sharp
f d e f h
Db Ab F Db Ab Db
-1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1
29. No Name
f e d e d
B F# D B G E
-3 -3 -2 -1 0 +2
30. XXVII
f e d e f
C G E C# A E
-2 -2 0 +1 +2 +2
31. XIV High Harpway Flat
f e d f h
D A F D A D
0 +1 +1 +2 +2 0
32. No Name
f e f d e
C# G# E B G# E
-1 -1 0 -1 +1 +2
33. III Leero Way
f e f h f
D A F C F C
0 0 +1 0 -1 -2
34. (III Leero w/lowered 6th str.)
f e f h h
D# A# F# C# F# B
+1 +1 +2 +1 -1 -3
35. XXII
f f c d h
C G D C A D
-2 -2 -2 0 +2 0
36. No Name
f f d e f
Db Ab Eb C Ab Eb
-1 -1 -1 O +1 +1
37. MOSS B
f f e d e
C# G# D# B G# E
-1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +2
38. MOSS A
f f e d f
C# G# D# B G# D#
-1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1
39. MOSS D
f f e e c
C# G# D# B G F
-1 -1 -1 -1 0 +3
40. MOSS C
f f e f e
C# G# D# B F# D
-1 -1 -1 -1 +1 0
41. No Name
f f e f d
C# G# D# B F# E
-1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +2
42. I Viol Waye
f f e f f
D A E C G D
0 0 0 0 0 0
43. (I w/lowered 6th str.)
f f e f h
D A E C G C
0 0 0 0 0 -2
44. No Name
f f f e d
D A E B G E
0 0 0 -1 0 +2
45. IV Fifths
f f h f h
E B F# B F# B
+2 +2 +2 -1 -1 -3
46. No Name
f g d f f
D A Eb C G D
0 0 -1 0 0 0
47. No Name
f g d f h
D A Eb C G C
0 0 -1 0 0 -2
48. No Name
f h f c f
Eb Bb Eb Bb Ab Eb
+1 +1 -1 -2 +1 +1
49. No Name
f h f d e
Eb Bb Eb Bb G Eb
+1 +1 -1 -2 0 +1
50. No Name
f h f e d
Eb Bb Eb Bb Gb Eb
+1 +1 -1 -2 -1 +1
51. No Name
f h f h e
E B E B E C
+2 +2 0 -1 -2 -2
52. VI Eights
f h f h f
E B E B E B
+2 +2 0 -1 -3 -3
53. (VI Eights w/lowered 6th str.)
f h f h h
E B E B E A
+2 +2 0 -1 -3 -4
54. No Name
h f h f h
E A E A E A
+2 0 +2 -3 -3 -4
55. IX Horne's Pipe
f f f
D A E • • •
0 0 0
56. VII Lancashire Pipes
f h n
• C F F • •
+3 +1 -7 {-2 w/X'd 5th str.)
57. VIII Bagpipes h[-]fh
h f h
D G • D G •
0 -2 +2 0
58. (I w/added 7th str.)
f f e f f f
D A E C G D A
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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1. dedeh LeStrange B G# E C# A D
2. dedfh B G #E C# G# C#
3. defde B G# E B G# E
4. defhf XII C A F C F C
5. defhh C# A# F# C# F# B
6. dehff C# A# F# B F# C#
7. dehfh C A# F# B F# B
8. dfedf XIX C A E C A E
9. dfedh C A E C A D
10. dfefh C A E C G C
11. ededf XVII B G E C A E
12. ededh B G E C A D
13. edeff XVI C Ab F Db Ab Eb
14. edefh XV C Ab F Db Ab Db
15. edfed XX B G E B G E
16. edfhf XII C# A F# C# F# C#
17. edfhh C# A F# C# F# B
18. edhfh D Bb G C G C
19. efdef X C Ab Eb C Ab Eb
20. efdeh C Ab Eb C Ab Db
21. efdhf D Bb F D G D
22. efffe XXI Drew C Ab Eb C G Eb
23. effff C Ab Eb C G D
24. efffh C# A E B F# B
25. effhf D Bb F C F Db
26. efhfh V D# B F# B F# B
27. fdedf XVIII C G E C A E
28. fdefh XIII Db Ab F Db Ab Db
29. feded B F# D B G E
30. fedef XXVII C G E C# A E
31. fedfh XIV D A F D A D
32. fefde C# G# E B G# E
33. fefhf III D A F C F C
34. fefhh XXVIII D# A# F# C# F# B
35. ffcdh XXII C G D C A D
36. ffdef Db Ab Eb C Ab Eb
37. ffede MOSS B C# G# D# B G# E
38. ffedf MOSS A C# G# D# B G# D#
39. ffeec MOSS D C C# G# D# B F#
40. ffefe MOSS C C# G# D# B F# D
41. ffefd C# G# D# B F# E
42. ffeff I D A E C G D
43. ffefh II D A E C G C
44. fffed E B F# B F# B
45. ffhfh IV E B F# B F# B
46. fgdff D A Eb C G D
47. fgdfh D A Eb C G C
48. fhfcf Eb Bb Eb Bb Ab Eb
49. fhfde Eb Bb Eb Bb G Eb
50. fhfed Eb Bb Eb Bb Gb Eb
51. fhfhe E B E B E C
52. fhfhf VI E B E B E B
53. fhfhh E B E B E A
54. hfhfh E A E A E A
55. fff IX D A E • • •
56. fhn VII • C F F • •
57. h[-]fh VIII D G • D G •
58. ffefff XXIX D A E C G D A